当前位置:首页 Legalist Classics
Remnants of Ch'in Law (10): Group A: Statutes on Agriculture (6) 
作者:[Anonymous] 来源:[] 2008-08-15
摘要:Statutes for the establishment of Offcials, Statutes concerning Checking, Statute concerning aristocratic rank for military action

(Translated by A.F.P. Hulsewe)


[A79] When prefectures,general offices or the twelve commanderies dismiss or appoint officials as well as assistants and subordinates of the multitude month,cease to do so at the end of the third month.In case of death or abscondence as well as when there are old vacancies,in order to fill these,one should not wait for the time (mentioned above). (Statutes for the establishment of Offcials)

[A80] When appointing (subordinate) officials and…, (only) when they have been already appointed they should be ordered to handle business as well as to be sent out.Those who should not have been appointed but who venture to handle business previously, as well as to make an agreement to have them sent out will be sentenced according to the Statutes.When Overseers are transferred to handle businesss in another office,it is not allowed to appoint assistant officials of their former office to go to the new office.      (Statutes concerning the establishment of officials)

[A81] If an Overseer is absent,a Master who is“without evil”,or a Prefectural Clerk is ordered to fill the office on probation, do not order office assistants or clerks (to fill the office) on probation.(Statutes for the installation of officials)

[A82] When assistants or clerks of offices concerned with grain storage are dismissed,retired or transferred,the Overseer of the office concerned, together with the departing (official) must check and transfer (the stores) to the person who is replacing him.If the Overseer of the office retires and makes a check (but later) a shortage (is discovered) the person who has replaced him will be adjudicated for this, together with the officials still there.If the former official has not made a check and the new official has been in office for less than a year,the departed (officiat) will be adjudicated for this,together with the officials still there; the new official will not be adjudicated.After a full year,although no check has been made,the new official will be adjudicated,together with the officials still there; the departed official will not be adjudicated.Other (matters are to be hand-led) according to the Statutes.      (Statutes concerning Checking)

[A83] When a granary leaks,causing rot among the grain,as well as when piling up grain one lets it become spoilt,(then) in case the uneatable part is less than one hundred bushels,the Overseer of the office is reprimanded;in case it is one hundred bushels or more up to one thousand bushels, the Overseer of the office is fined one suit of armour;in case it exceeds one thousand bushels,the Overseer of the office is fined two suits of armour. (Furthermore) orders are to be given to the Overseer of the office and to the officials assigned to work there to repay together the spoilt grain. If the grain though spoilt can still be eaten.it is to be measured;according to the number of bushels wasted (the persons concerned) are condemned to be charged for these.  ( Statutes concerning Checking)

[A84] When measuring grain in the ear,hay or straw there is (found) a shortage of one tenth or less,orders should be given to restore the former number (of bushels).If it exceeds one tenth,it is first to be emptied and used to give rations to people,but (the clfficials concerned) are to be condemned for this shortage.     (Statutes concerning Checking)

[A85] When grain is entered (in a granary),ten-thousand bushels make one pile; these are ranged to form a "house".This is to be registered as "So and so many bushels of grain in the ear in grainstore X;the Granaries Overseer X, the Assistant
X, the clerk X, the Storekeeper X.” In case the grain is entered by the prefecture, the Prefectural Overseer or the Assistant (Prefect) as well as the Chief of the Granary Bureau come together to seal it with their seals, whereas one "house" each is given to the Grannaries Overseer as well as to the Grannary Assistant of the detached settlements in charge of ration issues,in order to give people supplies.When grain is taken out again note the person who takes it out,as is done in the case of entering grain.     (Statutes concerning Checking)

[A86] When an Overseer is dismissed and a check is made,the controller looks at the seals as well as at the inscription in order to check it:he must not measure or weigh it.Only the granary that had been sealed by (the Overseer) personally is measured or weighed.When the year ends a general survey of issues is made:"Grainstore X has issued grain in the ear so and so many bushels;the remaining grain is so and so many bushels." When Granary Overseers as well as assistants or clerks are dismissed or they leave,the new Granaries Overseer,the new assistant or clerk in charge of grain stores must measure it (viz.the stock) without fail by means of the grain store register.In case of doubt they report to the Prefectural Overseer.The Prefectural Overseer orders others to measure it again, as well as to issue it together with....If there is a surplus of grain,it is to be entered, whereas those (reponsible for) a shortage are to be condemned according to the Statutes.        (Statutes concerning Checking)

[A87] When grain,hay or straw is stacked in a grainstore,and there is a surplus or a shortage, to hide this and not to report it,as well as all cases of transferring a surplus to repay a shortage,or for the multitude of other obiects for which repayment has to be assumed,fraudulently to write these off in order to use them for repayment -- all these cases will be dealt with in the same manner as theft.When the Great Overseer and the Assistant are aware of this and do not punish it,they will be sentenced according to the Statutes for ordinary criminals;moreover,they will share in the repayment of the shortage with the person(s) in charge of the grain store.

When the accounts are sent in,the grain store registers are to be presented to the Minister of Finance.

When on entering grain one opens a leaking granary,the leading officials must be made to come together to observe this.Hay and straw are (dealt with) like grain in the ear.   (Statutes on checking)

[A88] When checking government tools (there is found) a surplus or a shortage,(the responsible persons) are to be sentenced according to the Statutes on Equipment as well as having to repay. In case (a tool) is not listed as equipment,then (its value) is to be estimated.    (Statutes concerning Checking)

[A89] For government tools that are not branded or carved,the Overseer of the office is fined one shield.    (Statutes concerning Checking)

[A90] When a person who had joined the army is warranted for a decision (to award him an aristocratic rank) because of his meritorious service,as well as to be rewarded,but he dies before having been invested (with an aristocratic rank),…, none are allowed to receive rank or reward.If he has already been invested,but he dies before having been rewarded,as well as.…,the reward is to be given.    (Statutes concerning aristocratic rank for military action)

[A91] Persons who desire to return two degrees of aristocratic rank in order to liberate one person -- their own father or mother -- who is a bond-servant or bond-woman,as well as bond-servants who have been made kung shih for having cut off the head (of an enemy) and who request to return the rank of kung shih in order to liberate their wife who is a bond-woman (viz.) one person,this is to be permitted;they are liberated and made commoners.Artisan bond-servants who cut off the head (of an enemy) as well as persons for whom others have cut off a head in order to have them liberated,are all ordered to become artisans;those who are to "incomplete" are to be  made artisans in the hidden offices.    (Statute concerning aristocratic rank for military action)


相关文章:
·David  Bartosch:翟玉忠先生《人类文明的基因》是一颗思想的种子
·翟玉忠:诗赠David  Bartosch教授夫妇•海外存知己
·恢复高考--39年前那不能忘却的记忆 
·小笑话: “CHINA”该怎么念?
·Jeffrey D. Sachs:一个佛教经济体的发展
大六经工程 |  国学网站 |  香港中国文化研究院 |  联合早报网 |  时代Java教程 |  观察者网 | 
环球网 |  文化纵横网 |  四月网 |  南怀瑾文教基金会 |  学习时报网 |  求是网 | 
恒南书院 |  海疆在线 | 
版权所有:新法家网站  联系电话:13683537539 13801309232   联系和投稿信箱:alexzhaid@163.com     
京ICP备05073683号  京公网安备11010802013512号