1620年11月11日,经过在海上六十六天的漂泊之后,一艘名为“五月花”的大帆船向美洲陆地靠近。船上有一百零二名乘客。他们的目的地本是哈德逊河口地区,但由于海上风浪险恶,他们错过了目标,于是就在现在的科德角外普罗温斯顿港抛锚。为了建立一个大家都能受到约束的自治基础,他们在上岸之前签订了一份公约。
四十一名男乘客在船上签了这份公约。在这份后来被称为《“五月花号”公约》的文件里,签署人立誓创立一个自治团体,这个团体是基于被管理者的同意而成立的,而且将依法而治。 这是美国历史上第一份重要的政治文献。
《五月花号公约》全文如下:
“以上帝的名义,阿门。 我们,下面的签名人,作为伟大的詹姆斯一世的忠顺臣民,为了给上帝增光,发扬基督教的信仰和我们祖国和君主的荣誉,特着手在弗吉尼亚北部这片新开拓的海岸建立第一个殖民地。我们在上帝的面前,彼此以庄严的面貌出现,现约定将我们全体组成政治社会,以使我们能更好地生存下来并在我们之间创造良好的秩序。为了殖民地的公众利益,我们将根据这项契约颁布我们应当忠实遵守的公正平等的法律、法令和命令,并视需要而任命我们应当服从的行政官员。 ”
THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT
In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland king, defender of the faith, etc., having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. |